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The concept being referred to is known as reciprocal determinism. This idea was proposed by psychologist Albert Bandura and highlights the dynamic and reciprocal interactions between an individual's behavior, their personal factors (such as cognition and emotions), and the environment, which includes external stimuli and reinforcement.

Under this framework, behavior is not solely a result of environmental influences or solely a product of internal factors; rather, it is the result of an ongoing interplay among external stimuli, cognitive processes, and the individual's responses to the environment. This interaction allows for a comprehensive understanding of how behaviors are acquired and modified over time.

Behaviorism, while focusing on observable behaviors and external reinforcement, does not incorporate the cognitive mediation processes that play a crucial role in how individuals process and respond to their environments. Social learning theory, though related, emphasizes learning through observation and imitation rather than the broader interactive processes highlighted in reciprocal determinism. Cognitive dissonance refers to the mental discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs, which again does not capture the interplay of behavior, cognition, and environment.

Thus, the term that best describes the interaction of external stimuli, reinforcement, and cognitive mediation processes in explaining behavior is indeed reciprocal determinism.