Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Practice

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is comprised of which two types?

1. Asthma and pneumonia

2. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

3. Bronchitis and lung cancer

4. Interstitial lung disease and cystic fibrosis

The correct answer is: Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized primarily by increasing difficulty in breathing and reduced airflow. The two main types that comprise COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis, both of which significantly impact lung function and overall health. Emphysema involves the destruction of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, leading to reduced oxygen exchange and making it difficult to breathe. This condition often results from long-term exposure to irritating gases, particularly from smoking. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which leads to a persistent cough and mucus production. This inflammation causes narrowing of the airways, contributing to the obstruction of airflow. Understanding the distinction between emphysema and chronic bronchitis is crucial for treatment and management of COPD. While other respiratory conditions like asthma and pneumonia, bronchitis and lung cancer, or interstitial lung disease and cystic fibrosis are important to note, they do not fall under the classification of COPD. Therefore, the answer that highlights emphysema and chronic bronchitis accurately represents the two main types of COPD, illustrating their significance in the context of this disease.