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What disorder is caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

3. Down syndrome

4. Autism Spectrum Disorder

The correct answer is: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition that arises from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. When a pregnant individual consumes alcohol, it can interfere with the normal development of the fetus, leading to a range of physical, behavioral, and cognitive challenges collectively known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome may exhibit distinctive facial features, growth deficiencies, and issues with nerve development, which can manifest as difficulties in learning, memory, and social interaction. This condition underscores the critical importance of avoiding alcohol during pregnancy. The other disorders listed, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Down syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorder, have different etiologies. ADHD is influenced by genetic and environmental factors but not directly by alcohol consumption in utero. Down syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality resulting from an error in cell division and is unrelated to substance use. Autism Spectrum Disorder has complex origins, including genetic and environmental factors, but is not specifically caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Therefore, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is the only condition directly associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy.