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What is self-referenced interpretation in score interpretation?

  1. When a score is compared with an absolute standard

  2. When a score is compared with scores from a norm group

  3. When a score is compared with an internal frame of reference

  4. When scores are aggregated over multiple tests

The correct answer is: When a score is compared with an internal frame of reference

Self-referenced interpretation in score interpretation is centered around the concept of comparing an individual's score against their own previous performance rather than against an external standard or group. This approach emphasizes the importance of an internal frame of reference, which allows individuals to gauge their progress or abilities based on their personal history or experiences rather than relying solely on external norms or benchmarks. By utilizing self-referenced interpretation, individuals can celebrate improvements or recognize areas that need further development in relation to their own past achievements. This method can be particularly motivating, as it focuses on personal growth and the context of one's own journey, making it a valuable tool in rehabilitation counseling. In contrast, other answer choices involve comparing scores to various external standards or aggregated data, which do not align with the principles of self-referencing. Instead, they focus on objective norms or collective measures, thereby lacking an individualized approach that self-referenced interpretation provides.