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Which cognitive strategy is NOT included in social learning theory?

1. Clarification

2. Simulation

3. Cognitive rehearsal

4. Reframing

The correct answer is: Simulation

In the context of social learning theory, cognitive rehearsal is a recognized cognitive strategy that enhances learning through observation and practice in a real or imagined context. This strategy involves mentally practicing a behavior or recounting a sequence of events to prepare for real-world applications, firmly rooting it within the framework of social learning. Clarification, as a cognitive strategy, is focused on ensuring that an individual's understanding of information and concepts is clear. It aids in processing observed behaviors and their consequences by making them explicit, which is essential in the learning process. Reframing involves changing the context or perspective on a situation to affect how it is interpreted and understood. Through reframing, individuals can derive alternative meanings or attitudes toward a behavior they may have observed, which is also aligned with the principles of social learning. Simulation, however, refers to an experiential process where individuals engage in a role-play or practice scenarios designed to mimic real-world situations. Although closely related to experiential learning, the concept is less tied to the cognitive aspects distinctive to social learning theory, which emphasizes the observational learning process rather than the active practice of behaviors. Thus, the option identified as not being included in social learning theory is simulation, as it does not directly fit the cognitive strategies primarily associated with the theoretical framework.