Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Practice

Which counseling theory is based on a holistic view of the person?

1. Behavioral theory

2. Cognitive-behavioral theory

3. Client-centered theory

4. Adlerian theory

The correct answer is: Adlerian theory

The correct answer is Adlerian theory, which is grounded in a holistic view of the individual. This theory, developed by Alfred Adler, emphasizes the importance of understanding individuals within the context of their social relationships and environments. Adler believed that individuals cannot be fully understood in isolation; rather, their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped by their interactions with others and their social context. Adlerian theory focuses on concepts such as lifestyle, social interest, and the drive for significance, highlighting the interconnectedness among people and the importance of community and belonging. This holistic perspective encourages counselors to consider all aspects of a person's life, including psychological, social, and environmental factors, to promote well-being and encourage growth. In contrast to this, behavioral theory primarily focuses on observable behaviors and the principles of learning, often neglecting the internal experiences and holistic context of the individual. Cognitive-behavioral theory, while it incorporates thoughts and feelings in its approach, still has a more structured focus on how thoughts influence behaviors rather than providing a complete holistic understanding of a person. Client-centered theory, developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes empathy and acceptance but is less comprehensive in addressing the broader social context influencing the individual.