Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Practice

Which disability model emphasizes that disability results from societal influences rather than individual attributes?

1. Biomedical model

2. Social model

3. Psychosocial model

4. Functional model

The correct answer is: Social model

The social model of disability is focused on the understanding that disability is not solely a result of an individual's impairments or limitations, but rather a consequence of the societal barriers and attitudes that affect individuals with disabilities. It highlights how external factors—such as physical environments, discrimination, and lack of accessibility—contribute to the experience of disability. This model distinguishes between 'impairment,' which refers to the physical or mental limitations an individual may have, and 'disability,' which is seen as a social construct arising from the interactions between people and their environments. By reframing disability as a societal issue rather than an individual deficiency, the social model advocates for systemic changes to reduce barriers and promote inclusivity. In contrast, the biomedical model tends to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of impairment, viewing disability primarily as a health issue related to the individual's condition. The psychosocial model integrates the psychological aspects of disability with social influences, while the functional model assesses disability based on the ability to perform certain tasks but does not emphasize societal factors as the primary cause of disability. Thus, the social model is key in understanding the broader context in which disability occurs and advocating for necessary changes in society.