Certified Rehabilitation Counselor Practice

Which of the following biological differences exist between men and women?

1. Height and weight

2. Chromosomes, hormonal production, and reproductive capabilities

3. Skin color and hair type

4. Intelligence and cognitive ability

The correct answer is: Chromosomes, hormonal production, and reproductive capabilities

The choice highlighting chromosomes, hormonal production, and reproductive capabilities is correct because these factors are fundamental biological differences between men and women. Chromosomes are the structures that carry genetic information, and individuals typically have two sex chromosomes: women usually have two X chromosomes (XX), while men usually have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). This genetic distinction plays a crucial role in defining many biological traits and functions. Hormonal production differs significantly as well, particularly with hormones like estrogen and progesterone in women, and testosterone in men. These hormones are responsible for various physical developments and biological functions, including the menstrual cycle in women and the development of male secondary sexual characteristics. Reproductive capabilities are inherently different between the sexes, with women having the ability to conceive and bear children, which involves specialized structures such as ovaries and a uterus, while men produce sperm. These biological functions are intrinsic and widely recognized in human biology and medicine, thereby providing distinct differences between men and women that are not merely superficial or socially constructed. Other options, such as height, weight, skin color, hair type, intelligence, and cognitive ability, may show variability among individuals but are not consistently defined by biological sex alone, as they can be influenced by a myriad of factors including