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Which of the following is a common category of mental disorders?

1. Affective disorders

2. Inflection disorders

3. Behavioral disorders

4. Adjustment disorders

The correct answer is: Affective disorders

Affective disorders are indeed a recognized category of mental disorders that primarily involve mood disturbances. These disorders can manifest as depression, bipolar disorder, and other mood-related issues, significantly impacting a person's emotional state and ability to function in daily life. The term "affective" highlights how these disorders primarily affect emotions and feelings. While the other options represent various types of psychological challenges, they are not as broadly categorized or recognized as a major category of mental disorders in clinical practice. Inflection disorders, for instance, doesn't denote a standard classification within psychology. Behavioral disorders do exist and focus on specific behavioral problems, but they are generally considered a subset within broader categories, such as affective or anxiety disorders. Adjustment disorders pertain to stress-related responses but also fall into a more specific context of how individuals react to significant life changes rather than serving as a fundamental classification of mental disorders. Thus, affective disorders are widely acknowledged in the field, making it the correct choice.